---
title: Cross on the bridge, not on its railings, and never jump off a bridg… — Campfires, cold nights and rivers · tree and pragmatics
description: Cross on the bridge, not on its railings, and never jump off a bridge into water, because hidden rocks or shallow water cause serious injuries. Who acts: you, hidden rocks. A sentence of the lesson «Campfires, cold nights and rivers» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependenc
---

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# Campfires, cold nights and rivers, sentence 19

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cross on the bridge, not on its railings, and never jump off a bridge into water, because hidden rocks or shallow water cause serious injuries.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, hidden rocks · **What happens:** cross, not jump off, cause · **To what, where:** bridge, water, serious injuries

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Campfires, cold nights and rivers» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, hidden rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:231-campfires-and-rivers.lesson:19
# text = Cross on the bridge, not on its railings, and never jump off a bridge into water, because hidden rocks or shallow water cause serious injuries.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 231-campfires-and-rivers.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Cross	cross	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	railings	railing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
21	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
27	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the bridge and bridge's railings |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **jump off** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a bridge |  | water |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme into water=Trajectory |
| 3 | **cause** | present | hidden rocks or shallow water | serious injuries |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition injury=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:231-campfires-and-rivers.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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