---
title: A magnifying glass focuses sunlight into a spot hot enough to start… — Snow, ice and strong sun · tree and pragmatics
description: A magnifying glass focuses sunlight into a spot hot enough to start a fire, so never point it at anything, at people or at animals. Who acts: magnifying glass. A sentence of the lesson «Snow, ice and strong sun» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/21/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Snow, ice and strong sun](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/) / 21

# Snow, ice and strong sun, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A magnifying glass focuses sunlight into a spot hot enough to start a fire, so never point it at anything, at people or at animals.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** magnifying glass · **What happens:** magnify, focus, start, not point · **To what, where:** sunlight, spot, fire, anything

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Snow, ice and strong sun» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (magnifying glass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:234-snow-ice-and-sun.lesson:21
# text = A magnifying glass focuses sunlight into a spot hot enough to start a fire, so never point it at anything, at people or at animals.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 234-snow-ice-and-sun.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	magnifying	magnify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	focuses	focus	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
10	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:xcomp
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	point	point	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:conj
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **magnify** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **focus** | present | a magnifying glass | sunlight |  | a spot |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **start** | to-infinitive | a magnifying glass *not said here* | a fire |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **point** | infinitive |  | fire |  | anything |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:234-snow-ice-and-sun.lesson:21`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Snow, ice and strong sun, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/20/)
- next →: [Snow, ice and strong sun, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/22/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/)