---
title: Touching a toad does not give you warts, because warts are caused by… — The night sky and outdoor myths · tree and pragmatics
description: Touching a toad does not give you warts, because warts are caused by a human virus, but wash your hands after touching any animal. Who acts: Touching, human virus. A sentence of the lesson «The night sky and outdoor myths» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The night sky and outdoor myths, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Touching a toad does not give you warts, because warts are caused by a human virus, but wash your hands after touching any animal.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Touching, human virus · **What happens:** touch, not give, cause, wash · **To what, where:** toad, warts, you, hands, animal

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The night sky and outdoor myths» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Touching, human virus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:240-night-sky-and-outdoor-myths.lesson:21
# text = Touching a toad does not give you warts, because warts are caused by a human virus, but wash your hands after touching any animal.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 240-night-sky-and-outdoor-myths.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Touching	touch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	warts	wart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	warts	wart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	wash	wash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
21	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
25	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | gerund |  | a toad |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme toad=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **not** **give** | present · do-support | Touching | warts | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient wart=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** | present · passive | a human virus | warts |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 4 | **wash** | infinitive | Touching *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 5 | **touch** | gerund | Touching *not said here* | any animal |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme animal=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:240-night-sky-and-outdoor-myths.lesson:21`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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