--- title: A girl in Vancouver teaches her three-year-old brother to throw: she… — Younger children, losing and practising · tree and pragmatics description: A girl in Vancouver teaches her three-year-old brother to throw: she uses a soft ball and stands close, and soon he is laughing and throwing it back. Who acts: girl, member. A sentence of the lesson «Younger children, losing and practising» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/251-younger-children-losing-and-practising/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Younger children, losing and practising](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/251-younger-children-losing-and-practising/) / 4 # Younger children, losing and practising, sentence 4 A girl in Vancouver teaches her three-year-old brother to throw: she uses a soft ball and stands close, and soon he is laughing and throwing it back. **Who acts:** girl, member · **What happens:** teach, throw, use, stand, laugh, throw back · **To what, where:** old brother, soft ball, ball This is a sentence of the lesson «Younger children, losing and practising» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, member), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:251-younger-children-losing-and-practising.lesson:4 # text = A girl in Vancouver teaches her three-year-old brother to throw: she uses a soft ball and stands close, and soon he is laughing and throwing it back. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 251-younger-children-losing-and-practising.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 girl girl NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Vancouver Vancouver PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 teaches teach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 7 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ _ 9 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 10 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 11 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 throw throw VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 acl _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 ball ball NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 23 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 xcomp _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 29 advmod _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 laughing laugh VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 throwing throw VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 conj _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 back back ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | a girl in Vancouver | | girl's old brother | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent brother=Recipient | | 2 | **throw** | to-infinitive | a girl in Vancouver *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **use** | present | girl | a soft ball | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient | | 4 | **stand** | present | girl *not said here* | | | | | close *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **laugh** | present · progressive | member | | | | | soon *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **throw back** | gerund | member *not said here* | ball | | | | | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:251-younger-children-losing-and-practising.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Younger children, losing and practising, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/251-younger-children-losing-and-practising/3/) - next →: [Younger children, losing and practising, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/251-younger-children-losing-and-practising/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/251-younger-children-losing-and-practising/)