--- title: A boy in Ohio stayed up nearly all night cramming before a big test;… — Tests, exams and mistakes · tree and pragmatics description: A boy in Ohio stayed up nearly all night cramming before a big test; next morning he was so tired he could not remember things he knew well, and he did worse than in practice. Who acts: boy. A sentence of the lesson «Tests, exams and mistakes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/255-tests-exams-and-mistakes/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Tests, exams and mistakes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/255-tests-exams-and-mistakes/) / 17 # Tests, exams and mistakes, sentence 17 A boy in Ohio stayed up nearly all night cramming before a big test; next morning he was so tired he could not remember things he knew well, and he did worse than in practice. **Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** stay up, cram, be, not remember, know, do · **To what, where:** big test, things This is a sentence of the lesson «Tests, exams and mistakes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:255-tests-exams-and-mistakes.lesson:17 # text = A boy in Ohio stayed up nearly all night cramming before a big test; next morning he was so tired he could not remember things he knew well, and he did worse than in practice. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 255-tests-exams-and-mistakes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Ohio Ohio PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 stayed stay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 up up ADP RP _ 5 compound:prt _ _ 7 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 8 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 9 det _ _ 9 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ _ 10 cramming cram VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 advcl _ _ 11 before before ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 16 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 18 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 19 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 20 so so ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 tired tired ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 parataxis _ _ 22 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 23 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 25 remember remember VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:parataxis 26 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 acl:relcl _ _ 29 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 28 advmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 34 worse badly ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 33 advmod _ _ 35 than than ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 practice practice NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stay up** | past | a boy in Ohio | | | | night | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **cram** | gerund | a boy in Ohio *not said here* | | | a big test | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme before test=Destination | | 3 | **is** | past | boy | | | | morning | tired *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **not** **remember** | could | boy | things | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | | 5 | **know** | past | boy | things *not said here* | | | | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | | 6 | **do** | past | boy | | | | | than practice; badly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:255-tests-exams-and-mistakes.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tests, exams and mistakes, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/255-tests-exams-and-mistakes/16/) - next →: [Tests, exams and mistakes, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/255-tests-exams-and-mistakes/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/255-tests-exams-and-mistakes/)