---
title: A loan is money you borrow and must pay back, often with extra calle… — Prices, change, borrowing and lending · tree and pragmatics
description: A loan is money you borrow and must pay back, often with extra called interest. Who acts: loan, you. A sentence of the lesson «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Prices, change, borrowing and lending, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loan is money you borrow and must pay back, often with extra called interest.

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**Who acts:** loan, you · **What happens:** be, borrow, pay back, call · **To what, where:** money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loan, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing.lesson:12
# text = A loan is money you borrow and must pay back, often with extra called interest.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 262-prices-change-and-borrowing.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loan	loan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	borrow	borrow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a loan | money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **borrow** | present | you | money *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 3 | **pay back** | must | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with extra called interest | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Prices, change, borrowing and lending, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/11/)
- next →: [Prices, change, borrowing and lending, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/13/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/)