--- title: A girl in California lent her new headphones to a boy she hardly kne… — Prices, change, borrowing and lending · tree and pragmatics description: A girl in California lent her new headphones to a boy she hardly knew; he never gave them back and she saved for months to replace them. Who acts: girl, money. A sentence of the lesson «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Prices, change, borrowing and lending](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/) / 16 # Prices, change, borrowing and lending, sentence 16 A girl in California lent her new headphones to a boy she hardly knew; he never gave them back and she saved for months to replace them. **Who acts:** girl, money · **What happens:** lend, know, not give back, save, replace · **To what, where:** new headphones, boy, headphones This is a sentence of the lesson «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, money), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing.lesson:16 # text = A girl in California lent her new headphones to a boy she hardly knew; he never gave them back and she saved for months to replace them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 262-prices-change-and-borrowing.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 girl girl NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 California California PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 lent lend VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 headphones headphone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 9 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 12 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 18 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 19 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 back back ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 saved save VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 24 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 replace replace VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 advcl _ _ 28 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lend** | past | a girl in California | girl's new headphones | a boy | | | | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent headphone=Theme to boy=Recipient | | 2 | **know** | past | girl | a boy *not said here* | | | | hardly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer boy=Stimulus | | 3 | **not** **give back** | past | money | headphones *= headphone* | | | | | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 4 | **save** | past | girl | | | | month | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **replace** | to-infinitive | girl *not said here* | headphones *= headphone* | | | | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Prices, change, borrowing and lending, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/14/) - next →: [Prices, change, borrowing and lending, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/)