---
title: A boy in Leeds walks his little brother to the shop holding his hand… — Walking on the pavement and crossing roads · tree and pragmatics
description: A boy in Leeds walks his little brother to the shop holding his hand, on the side away from the traffic; when a car backs out of a driveway, both stop and wait until it has gone. Who acts: boy, car, both, driveway. A sentence of the lesson «Walking on the pavement and crossing roads» of the everyday
---

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# Walking on the pavement and crossing roads, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy in Leeds walks his little brother to the shop holding his hand, on the side away from the traffic; when a car backs out of a driveway, both stop and wait until it has gone.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** boy, car, both, driveway · **What happens:** walk, hold, back out, stop, wait, go · **To what, where:** little brother, shop, hand, side, driveway

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Walking on the pavement and crossing roads» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, car, both, driveway), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:266-walking-and-crossing-roads.lesson:3
# text = A boy in Leeds walks his little brother to the shop holding his hand, on the side away from the traffic; when a car backs out of a driveway, both stop and wait until it has gone.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 266-walking-and-crossing-roads.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Leeds	Leeds	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	backs	back	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:advcl
28	out	out	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	driveway	driveway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	both	both	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	34	nsubj	_	_
34	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	conj	_	_
37	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	36	advcl	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present | a boy in Leeds | boy's little brother |  | the shop |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent brother=Theme to shop=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | a boy in Leeds *not said here* | boy's hand |  | the side |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on side=Location |
| 3 | **back out** | present | a car | a driveway |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stop** | present | both |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **wait** | infinitive | both *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **go** | present · perfect | driveway |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:266-walking-and-crossing-roads.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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