--- title: Road signs and markings are a language: red circles usually give ord… — Traffic lights, crossings and road signs · tree and pragmatics description: Road signs and markings are a language: red circles usually give orders or say no, give way or yield means let others go first, and lines on the road show where cars stop and where they may not park. Who acts: Road signs, red circles, others, lines. A sentence of the lesson «Traffic lights, crossing --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/267-traffic-lights-and-signs/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Traffic lights, crossings and road signs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/267-traffic-lights-and-signs/) / 2 # Traffic lights, crossings and road signs, sentence 2 Road signs and markings are a language: red circles usually give orders or say no, give way or yield means let others go first, and lines on the road show where cars stop and where they may not park. **Who acts:** Road signs, red circles, others, lines, cars · **What happens:** be, give, say, mean, let, go · **To what, where:** language, orders, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Traffic lights, crossings and road signs» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Road signs, red circles, others, lines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:267-traffic-lights-and-signs.lesson:2 # text = Road signs and markings are a language: red circles usually give orders or say no, give way or yield means let others go first, and lines on the road show where cars stop and where they may not park. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 267-traffic-lights-and-signs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Road road NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 signs sign NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 markings marking NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 9 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 circles circle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 11 usually usually ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 13 orders order NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 14 or or CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 16 no no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 15 discourse _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 19 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:nsubj 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 yield yield NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 22 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 ccomp _ _ 23 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 ccomp _ _ 24 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 xcomp _ _ 26 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 25 advmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 lines line NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:det 32 road road NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 34 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 36 advmod _ _ 35 cars car NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 ccomp _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 38 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 42 advmod _ _ 39 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 40 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 41 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 42 advmod _ _ 42 park park VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:conj 43 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Road signs and markings | a language | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **give** | present | red circles | orders | | | | usually *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | red circles *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **give** | infinitive | red circles *not said here* | way or yield | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **mean** | present | red circles *not said here* | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **let** | infinitive | | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **go** | infinitive | others | | | | | first *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **show** | present | lines on the road | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 9 | **stop** | present | cars | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 10 | **not** **park** | may | cars *= car* | | | | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:267-traffic-lights-and-signs.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Traffic lights, crossings and road signs, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/267-traffic-lights-and-signs/1/) - next →: [Traffic lights, crossings and road signs, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/267-traffic-lights-and-signs/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/267-traffic-lights-and-signs/)