---
title: Cows with calves can charge people and dogs to protect their young. — Farm animals and horses · tree and pragmatics
description: Cows with calves can charge people and dogs to protect their young. Who acts: Cows. A sentence of the lesson «Farm animals and horses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Farm animals and horses, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cows with calves can charge people and dogs to protect their young.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cows · **What happens:** charge, protect · **To what, where:** people, young

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Farm animals and horses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:028-farm-animals-and-horses.lesson:12
# text = Cows with calves can charge people and dogs to protect their young.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 028-farm-animals-and-horses.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	charge	charge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | can | Cows with calves | people and dogs |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location people=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | Cows with calves *not said here* | Cows's young |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:028-farm-animals-and-horses.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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