--- title: A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it pa… — Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that foo… · tree and pragmatics description: A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it passes from water to air; this is called refraction. Who acts: straw, light. A sentence of the lesson «Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Illusions that fool the eye and advert…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/) / 16 # Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet, sentence 16 A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it passes from water to air; this is called refraction. **Who acts:** straw, light · **What happens:** look, change, pass, call · **To what, where:** direction, water, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straw, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts.lesson:16 # text = A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it passes from water to air; this is called refraction. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 280-illusions-and-adverts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 straw straw NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 bent bent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 8 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 10 direction direction NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 as as SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 passes pass VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 14 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 22 refraction refraction NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 xcomp _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | present | a straw in water | | | | | bent *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **change** | present | light | direction | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient | | 3 | **pass** | present | Light | | | water | | to air | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from water=Initial\_Location to air=Destination | | 4 | **call** | present · passive | | this | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Illusions that fool the eye and advert…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/15/) - next →: [Illusions that fool the eye and advert…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/)