---
title: A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it pa… — Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that foo… · tree and pragmatics
description: A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it passes from water to air (refraction). Who acts: straw, light. A sentence of the lesson «Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Illusions that fool the eye and advert…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/) / 4

# Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet, sentence 4

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A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it passes from water to air (refraction).

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**Who acts:** straw, light · **What happens:** look, change, pass · **To what, where:** direction, water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straw, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts.lesson:4
# text = A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it passes from water to air (refraction).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 280-illusions-and-adverts.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
19	refraction	refraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | a straw in water |  |  |  |  | bent *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **change** | present | light | direction |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient |
| 3 | **pass** | present | Light |  |  | water |  | to air | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from water=Initial\_Location to air=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Illusions that fool the eye and advert…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/3/)
- next →: [Illusions that fool the eye and advert…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/6/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/)