---
title: Never touch a bat; some bats carry rabies or similar viruses. — Wild birds, bats and germs from animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Never touch a bat; some bats carry rabies or similar viruses. Who acts: you, bats. A sentence of the lesson «Wild birds, bats and germs from animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wild birds, bats and germs from animals, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never touch a bat; some bats carry rabies or similar viruses.

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**Who acts:** you, bats · **What happens:** not touch, carry · **To what, where:** bat, rabies

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Wild birds, bats and germs from animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:029-germs-from-animals.lesson:11
# text = Never touch a bat; some bats carry rabies or similar viruses.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 029-germs-from-animals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
9	rabies	rabies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **touch** | imperative | you *not said here* | a bat |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bat=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | present | some bats | rabies or similar viruses |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rabies=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:029-germs-from-animals.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Wild birds, bats and germs from animals, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/29-germs-from-animals/10/)
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