--- title: If something is too heavy, ask an adult or a friend to help, or use… — Lifting and carrying heavy things · tree and pragmatics description: If something is too heavy, ask an adult or a friend to help, or use a trolley; a girl in Phoenix moving a big bag of soil asks her dad to take one end instead of dragging it alone. Who acts: something, you, girl. A sentence of the lesson «Lifting and carrying heavy things» of the everyday course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Lifting and carrying heavy things](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/) / 4 # Lifting and carrying heavy things, sentence 4 If something is too heavy, ask an adult or a friend to help, or use a trolley; a girl in Phoenix moving a big bag of soil asks her dad to take one end instead of dragging it alone. **Who acts:** something, you, girl · **What happens:** be, ask, help, use, move, take · **To what, where:** adult, trolley, big bag, dad, one end, end This is a sentence of the lesson «Lifting and carrying heavy things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (something, you, girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:003-lifting-and-carrying.lesson:4 # text = If something is too heavy, ask an adult or a friend to help, or use a trolley; a girl in Phoenix moving a big bag of soil asks her dad to take one end instead of dragging it alone. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 003-lifting-and-carrying.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 If if SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 2 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 too too ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 advcl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 ask ask VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 adult adult NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:acl 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 or or CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 use use VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 conj _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 trolley trolley NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 girl girl NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Phoenix Phoenix PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 moving move VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 acl _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 bag bag NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 32 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 dad dad NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 36 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 37 nummod _ _ 37 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 instead instead ADV RB ExtPos=SCONJ 40 mark _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 38 fixed _ _ 40 dragging drag VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 35 advcl _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 alone alone ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=40:xcomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 43 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | something | | | | | heavy *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* | | a adult or a friend | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **help** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **use** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a trolley | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trolley=Patient | | 5 | **move** | gerund | a girl in Phoenix *not said here* | a big bag of soil | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bag=Theme | | 6 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | a girl in Phoenix | | girl's dad | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent dad=Recipient clause=Topic | | 7 | **take** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a girl in Phoenix *not said here* | one end | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Theme | | 8 | **drag** | gerund | a girl in Phoenix *not said here* | end | | | | alone *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:003-lifting-and-carrying.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Lifting and carrying heavy things, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/3/) - next →: [Lifting and carrying heavy things, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/)