---
title: So: hold a small child's hand and keep him on the side away from the… — Pavements, crossings, cars, trains, airports and… · tree and pragmatics
description: So: hold a small child's hand and keep him on the side away from the traffic; at a crosswalk in the USA wait for cars to stop and make eye contact with the drivers before you cross; never ride up the inside of a truck at a junction. Who acts: you. A sentence of the lesson «Pavements, crossings, cars
---

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# Pavements, crossings, cars, trains, airports and bikes, sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So: hold a small child's hand and keep him on the side away from the traffic; at a crosswalk in the USA wait for cars to stop and make eye contact with the drivers before you cross; never ride up the inside of a truck at a junction.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** hold, keep, wait, stop, make, cross · **To what, where:** hand, child, side, crosswalk, eye contact, inside

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pavements, crossings, cars, trains, airports and bikes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:310-pavements-crossings-cars-planes-and-bikes.lesson:2
# text = So: hold a small child's hand and keep him on the side away from the traffic; at a crosswalk in the USA wait for cars to stop and make eye contact with the drivers before you cross; never ride up the inside of a truck at a junction.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 310-pavements-crossings-cars-planes-and-bikes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	crosswalk	crosswalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	wait	wait	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:conj
33	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
38	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
39	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	cross	cross	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	43	advmod	_	_
43	ride	ride	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj
44	up	up	ADP	RP	_	43	compound:prt	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	inside	inside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
50	at	at	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	junction	junction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | a small child's hand |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | you *not said here* | child |  | the side |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent he=Theme on side=Location |
| 3 | **wait** | infinitive |  |  |  | a crosswalk in the USA |  | for cars | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at crosswalk=Location |
| 4 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **make** | infinitive |  | eye contact |  |  |  | with the drivers | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset contact=Product |
| 6 | **cross** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **not** **ride up** | infinitive |  | the inside of a truck |  | a junction |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inside=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:310-pavements-crossings-cars-planes-and-bikes.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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