--- title: A boy in Texas lied to cover for a friend who had started a small fi… — Why people lie, harmful lies and cheating in gam… · tree and pragmatics description: A boy in Texas lied to cover for a friend who had started a small fire behind the school; the fire spread to a shed, and both boys were in serious trouble. Who acts: boy, friend, fire, boys. A sentence of the lesson «Why people lie, harmful lies and cheating in games and marks» of the everyday cours --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Why people lie, harmful lies and cheat…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks/) / 22 # Why people lie, harmful lies and cheating in games and marks, sentence 22 A boy in Texas lied to cover for a friend who had started a small fire behind the school; the fire spread to a shed, and both boys were in serious trouble. **Who acts:** boy, friend, fire, boys · **What happens:** lie, cover, start, spread, be · **To what, where:** small fire, school, serious trouble This is a sentence of the lesson «Why people lie, harmful lies and cheating in games and marks» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, friend, fire, boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks.lesson:22 # text = A boy in Texas lied to cover for a friend who had started a small fire behind the school; the fire spread to a shed, and both boys were in serious trouble. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Texas Texas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 lied lie VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 cover cover VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ _ 8 for for ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 11 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 12 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 started start VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 10 acl:relcl _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 17 behind behind ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 shed shed NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 29 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 30 det _ _ 30 boys boy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 31 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 serious serious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 trouble trouble NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lie** | past | a boy in Texas | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **cover** | to-infinitive | a boy in Texas *not said here* | | | | | for a friend | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **start** | past · perfect | a friend | a small fire | | the school | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality | | 4 | **spread** | past | the fire | | | | | to a shed | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is** | past | both boys | | | serious trouble | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks.lesson:22`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why people lie, harmful lies and cheat…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks/21/) - next →: [Why people lie, harmful lies and cheat…, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks/23/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/312-honest-reasons-false-alarms-and-fair-marks/)