---
title: Cliff edges can crumble without warning, and many people fall from t… — Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges… · tree and pragmatics
description: Cliff edges can crumble without warning, and many people fall from them every year. Who acts: Cliff edges, many people. A sentence of the lesson «Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges, trail markers, quarries, campfire burns, river crossings, bridges and pool safety» of the everyday cours
---

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# Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges, trail markers, quarries, campfire burns, river crossings, bridges and pool safety, sentence 19

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cliff edges can crumble without warning, and many people fall from them every year.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cliff edges, many people · **What happens:** crumble, fall

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges, trail markers, quarries, campfire burns, river crossings, bridges and pool safety» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cliff edges, many people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:325-icy-playgrounds-hiking-edges-quarries-burns-rivers-bridges-and-pools.lesson:19
# text = Cliff edges can crumble without warning, and many people fall from them every year.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 325-icy-playgrounds-hiking-edges-quarries-burns-rivers-bridges-and-pools.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crumble	crumble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumble** | can | Cliff edges |  |  |  |  | without warning | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fall** | present | many people |  |  |  | year | from edges *= edge* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from they=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:325-icy-playgrounds-hiking-edges-quarries-burns-rivers-bridges-and-pools.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, c…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/325-icy-playgrounds-hiking-edges-quarries-burns-rivers-bridges-and-pools/18/)
- next →: [Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, c…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/325-icy-playgrounds-hiking-edges-quarries-burns-rivers-bridges-and-pools/20/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/325-icy-playgrounds-hiking-edges-quarries-burns-rivers-bridges-and-pools/)