---
title: His aunt rang to ask if anyone had seen it, and Mum was embarrassed… — Borrowing without asking · tree and pragmatics
description: His aunt rang to ask if anyone had seen it, and Mum was embarrassed in front of her sister. Who acts: aunt, anyone, Mum. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Borrowing without asking](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/) / 1

# Borrowing without asking, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His aunt rang to ask if anyone had seen it, and Mum was embarrassed in front of her sister.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** aunt, anyone, Mum · **What happens:** ring, ask, see, be · **To what, where:** few, front

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (aunt, anyone, Mum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson:1
# text = His aunt rang to ask if anyone had seen it, and Mum was embarrassed in front of her sister.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	ccomp	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	embarrassed	embarrassed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | cousin's aunt |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | cousin's aunt *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect | anyone | few |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | past | Mum |  |  | front of aunt's sister |  | embarrassed *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Borrowing without asking, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/0/)
- next →: [Borrowing without asking, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/2/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/)