--- title: Asking first costs a few seconds; not asking can cost someone else a… — Borrowing without asking · tree and pragmatics description: Asking first costs a few seconds; not asking can cost someone else a lot. Who acts: Asking. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Borrowing without asking](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/) / 12 # Borrowing without asking, sentence 12 Asking first costs a few seconds; not asking can cost someone else a lot. **Who acts:** Asking · **What happens:** ask, cost, not ask · **To what, where:** someone This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Asking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson:12 # text = Asking first costs a few seconds; not asking can cost someone else a lot. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Asking ask VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 csubj _ _ 2 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 1 advmod _ _ 3 costs cost VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 9 advmod _ _ 9 asking ask VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:advcl 10 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 cost cost VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 12 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 11 obj _ _ 13 else else ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 lot lot NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 16 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | | | | | | first *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **cost** | present | Asking | | | | second | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **not** **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **cost** | can | asking | someone | | | | a lot *obl:unmarked* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme someone=Value | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowing without asking, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/11/) - next →: [Borrowing without asking, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/)