---
title: Having less than someone else does not make taking from them fair. — Borrowing without asking · tree and pragmatics
description: Having less than someone else does not make taking from them fair. Who acts: Having. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Borrowing without asking, sentence 15

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Having less than someone else does not make taking from them fair.

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**Who acts:** Having · **What happens:** have, not make, take · **To what, where:** less

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Having), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson:15
# text = Having less than someone else does not make taking from them fair.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	obj	_	_
3	than	than	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | less |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **make** | present · do-support | Having |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **take** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | from apples *= apple* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from they=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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