---
title: Swapping a broken thing for yours without saying so is a trick, not… — Accidents told too late · tree and pragmatics
description: Swapping a broken thing for yours without saying so is a trick, not a fix. Who acts: Swapping. A sentence of the lesson «Accidents told too late» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Accidents told too late, sentence 23

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Swapping a broken thing for yours without saying so is a trick, not a fix.

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**Who acts:** Swapping · **What happens:** swap, break, say, be · **To what, where:** broken thing, trick · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Accidents told too late» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swapping), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:343-accidents-told-too-late.lesson:23
# text = Swapping a broken thing for yours without saying so is a trick, not a fix.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 343-accidents-told-too-late.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Swapping	swap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
4	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
7	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	fix	fix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swap** | gerund |  | a broken thing |  |  |  | for yours | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent thing=Theme for your=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | Swapping | a trick and a fix |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:343-accidents-told-too-late.lesson:23`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Accidents told too late, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/343-accidents-told-too-late/22/)
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