---
title: Small lies again after a promise of honesty are common, but each tru… — Promises to friends and to yourself · tree and pragmatics
description: Small lies again after a promise of honesty are common, but each truth told makes the next one easier. Who acts: Small lies, truth. A sentence of the lesson «Promises to friends and to yourself» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Promises to friends and to yourself, sentence 20

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Small lies again after a promise of honesty are common, but each truth told makes the next one easier.

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**Who acts:** Small lies, truth · **What happens:** be, tell, make, promise · **To what, where:** truth, next one, honesty · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Promises to friends and to yourself» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small lies, truth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:359-promises-to-friends-and-to-yourself.lesson:20
# text = Small lies again after a promise of honesty are common, but each truth told makes the next one easier.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 359-promises-to-friends-and-to-yourself.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advmod
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	honesty	honesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	acl	_	_
16	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	xcomp	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Small lies |  |  |  | after a promise of honesty | common *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  | each truth *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | present | each truth | the next one |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset one=Product |
| 4 | **promise** |  |  | honesty |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:359-promises-to-friends-and-to-yourself.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Promises to friends and to yourself, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/359-promises-to-friends-and-to-yourself/19/)
- next →: [Promises to friends and to yourself, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/359-promises-to-friends-and-to-yourself/21/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/359-promises-to-friends-and-to-yourself/)