--- title: Losing or breaking things through carelessness means someone has to… — Wasting food and water · tree and pragmatics description: Losing or breaking things through carelessness means someone has to pay to replace them. Who acts: Losing, someone. A sentence of the lesson «Wasting food and water» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Wasting food and water](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet/) / 19 # Wasting food and water, sentence 19 Losing or breaking things through carelessness means someone has to pay to replace them. **Who acts:** Losing, someone · **What happens:** lose, break, mean, have, pay, replace · **To what, where:** things, carelessness · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Wasting food and water» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Losing, someone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet.lesson:19 # text = Losing or breaking things through carelessness means someone has to pay to replace them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Losing lose VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 csubj _ _ 2 or or CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 breaking break VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 conj _ _ 4 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 through through ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 carelessness carelessness NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 9 nsubj _ _ 9 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 pay pay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 replace replace VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:xcomp 14 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lose** | gerund | | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **break** | gerund | | things | | carelessness | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Patient | | 3 | **mean** | present | Losing | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **have** | present | someone | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **pay** | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* | | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **replace** | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* | things *= thing* | | | | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Wasting food and water, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet/18/) - next →: [Wasting food and water, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet/)