---
title: Jake had other battles. — Jake, always in bruises · tree and pragmatics
description: Jake had other battles. Who acts: Jake. A sentence of the lesson «Jake, always in bruises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jake, always in bruises, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jake had other battles.

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**Who acts:** Jake · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** other battles

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Jake, always in bruises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises.lesson:13
# text = Jake had other battles.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 372-jake-always-in-bruises.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Jake | other battles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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