--- title: Grace in Toronto saw Ava take a chocolate bar without paying and tol… — Covering for a friend · tree and pragmatics description: Grace in Toronto saw Ava take a chocolate bar without paying and told the shopkeeper «We didn't take anything, eh.» The shop had a camera and called both mums; Grace felt sick for days. Who acts: Grace, Ava, We, shop. A sentence of the lesson «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Covering for a friend](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/) / 12 # Covering for a friend, sentence 12 Grace in Toronto saw Ava take a chocolate bar without paying and told the shopkeeper «We didn't take anything, eh.» The shop had a camera and called both mums; Grace felt sick for days. **Who acts:** Grace, Ava, We, shop, mums · **What happens:** see, take, pay, tell, not take, have · **To what, where:** chocolate bar, shopkeeper, anything, camera · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grace, Ava, We, shop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson:12 # text = Grace in Toronto saw Ava take a chocolate bar without paying and told the shopkeeper «We didn't take anything, eh.» The shop had a camera and called both mums; Grace felt sick for days. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Grace Grace PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 Toronto Toronto PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 Ava Ava PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 6 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 ccomp _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 chocolate chocolate NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 bar bar NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 10 without without SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 11 paying pay VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 shopkeeper shopkeeper NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 iobj _ _ 16 « « PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 17 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 18 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 20 advmod _ _ 20 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 ccomp _ _ 21 anything anything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 20 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 eh eh INTJ UH Number=Sing 20 discourse _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ 25 » » PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 26 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 shop shop NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 camera camera NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 33 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 34 det _ _ 34 mums mum NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 36 Grace Grace PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 felt feel VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 38 sick sick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 xcomp _ _ 39 for for ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | Grace in Toronto | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **take** | infinitive | Ava | a chocolate bar | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bar=Theme | | 3 | **pay** | gerund | Ava *not said here* | | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Grace in Toronto *not said here* | | the shopkeeper | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent shopkeeper=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **not** **take** *in a quote* | past · do-support | We | anything | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme | | 6 | **have** | past | the shop | a camera | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camera=Patient | | 7 | **call** | past | both mums | | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **feel** | past | Grace | | | | day | sick *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Covering for a friend, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/11/) - next →: [Covering for a friend, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/)