--- title: To «grass» (UK) means to tell on someone; «sound» (Liverpool, Irelan… — Covering for a friend · tree and pragmatics description: To «grass» (UK) means to tell on someone; «sound» (Liverpool, Ireland) means good or all right; «jandals» (NZ) are flip-flops; Canadians often end a sentence with «eh», meaning «right?». Who acts: grass, sound, all, NZ. A sentence of the lesson «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/36/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Covering for a friend](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/) / 36 # Covering for a friend, sentence 36 To «grass» (UK) means to tell on someone; «sound» (Liverpool, Ireland) means good or all right; «jandals» (NZ) are flip-flops; Canadians often end a sentence with «eh», meaning «right?». **Who acts:** grass, sound, all, NZ, Canadians · **What happens:** mean, tell, jandal, be, end · **To what, where:** someone, flip flops, sentence, right · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grass, sound, all, NZ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson:36 # text = To «grass» (UK) means to tell on someone; «sound» (Liverpool, Ireland) means good or all right; «jandals» (NZ) are flip-flops; Canadians often end a sentence with «eh», meaning «right?». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 To to ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 « « DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 4 » » PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 appos _ _ 5 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 6 punct _ _ 6 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:appos 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 6 punct _ _ 8 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _ 11 on on ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 10 obl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 « « CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:nsubj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 16 » » PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 18 punct _ _ 18 Liverpool Liverpool PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod:unmarked _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 Ireland Ireland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 parataxis _ _ 21 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 22 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 23 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 xcomp _ _ 24 or or CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 25 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 29 nsubj _ _ 26 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:amod 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 « « ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 jandals jandal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 30 » » PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:PRP:Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 32 NZ NZ PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 33 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 34 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 35 flip flip NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 36 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 35 punct _ _ 37 flops flop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 Canadians canadian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 40 often often ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 end end VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 sentence sentence NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 with with ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 45 « « PUNCT `` _ 46 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=47:punct 46 eh eh DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 » » PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 49 meaning mean VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 parataxis _ _ 50 « « PUNCT `` _ 51 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=49:punct 51 right right NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obj _ _ 52 ? ? PUNCT . _ 49 punct _ _ 53 » » PUNCT '' _ 49 punct _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | « grass | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | « grass *not said here* | | | someone | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **mean** | present | sound | | | | | good *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **jandal** *in a quote* | | all | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | NZ | flip flops | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **end** | present | Canadians | a sentence | | | | with eh »; often *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector sentence=Eventuality with »=Subeventuality | | 7 | **mean** | gerund | | right | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson:36`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Covering for a friend, 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/35/) - next →: [When not to keep a friend's secret, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/)