---
title: Covering means lying or staying quiet to protect a friend. — Covering for a friend · tree and pragmatics
description: Covering means lying or staying quiet to protect a friend. A sentence of the lesson «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Covering for a friend, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covering means lying or staying quiet to protect a friend.

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**What happens:** cover, mean, lie, stay, protect · **To what, where:** friend

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson:6
# text = Covering means lying or staying quiet to protect a friend.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Covering	cover	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stay** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **protect** | to-infinitive |  |  | a friend |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Covering for a friend, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/5/)
- next →: [Covering for a friend, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/7/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/)