---
title: Things bought from strangers, like at a car boot sale, are hard to r… — «Only one left!»: shops and adverts · tree and pragmatics
description: Things bought from strangers, like at a car boot sale, are hard to return, so test them first. Who acts: Things. A sentence of the lesson ««Only one left!»: shops and adverts» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# «Only one left!»: shops and adverts, sentence 42

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Things bought from strangers, like at a car boot sale, are hard to return, so test them first.

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**Who acts:** Things · **What happens:** buy, be, return, test · **To what, where:** Things, strangers

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This is a sentence of the lesson ««Only one left!»: shops and adverts» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:441-only-one-left-shops-and-adverts.lesson:42
# text = Things bought from strangers, like at a car boot sale, are hard to return, so test them first.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 441-only-one-left-shops-and-adverts.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	boot	boot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	test	test	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	19	advmod	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | participle |  | Things *not said here* |  | strangers |  | like a boot sale | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from stranger=Source |
| 2 | **is** | present | Things |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **return** | to-infinitive | Things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **test** | infinitive |  | things *= thing* |  |  |  | first *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:441-only-one-left-shops-and-adverts.lesson:42`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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