---
title: To signal a turn, a cyclist holds an arm straight out to the side th… — Riding a bike or a scooter safely · tree and pragmatics
description: To signal a turn, a cyclist holds an arm straight out to the side they will turn to. Who acts: cyclist, Cyclists. A sentence of the lesson «Riding a bike or a scooter safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Riding a bike or a scooter safely, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To signal a turn, a cyclist holds an arm straight out to the side they will turn to.

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**Who acts:** cyclist, Cyclists · **What happens:** signal, hold, turn to · **To what, where:** turn, arm, side

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Riding a bike or a scooter safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cyclist, Cyclists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:005-bikes-and-scooters.lesson:13
# text = To signal a turn, a cyclist holds an arm straight out to the side they will turn to.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 005-bikes-and-scooters.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	signal	signal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	out	out	ADV	RB	_	10	acl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signal** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | a cyclist *not said here* | a turn |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Topic |
| 2 | **hold** | present | a cyclist | a arm |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 3 | **turn to** | future | Cyclists *= cyclist* | the side *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent side=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:005-bikes-and-scooters.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Riding a bike or a scooter safely, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/5-bikes-and-scooters/11/)
- next →: [Riding a bike or a scooter safely, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/5-bikes-and-scooters/14/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/5-bikes-and-scooters/)