---
title: Swapping twins for a joke can be fun, but swapping in a test is chea… — Twins and big families · tree and pragmatics
description: Swapping twins for a joke can be fun, but swapping in a test is cheating and is serious. Who acts: Swapping. A sentence of the lesson «Twins and big families» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Twins and big families, sentence 40

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swapping twins for a joke can be fun, but swapping in a test is cheating and is serious.

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**Who acts:** Swapping · **What happens:** swap, be, cheat · **To what, where:** twins, test

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Twins and big families» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swapping), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:503-twins-and-big-families.lesson:40
# text = Swapping twins for a joke can be fun, but swapping in a test is cheating and is serious.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 503-twins-and-big-families.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Swapping	swap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:nsubj
2	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	swapping	swap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	csubj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swap** | gerund |  | twins |  |  |  | for a joke | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent twin=Theme for joke=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | can | Swapping |  |  |  |  | fun *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **swap** | gerund |  |  |  | a test |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **cheat** | present · progressive | swapping |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | swapping *not said here* |  |  |  |  | serious *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:503-twins-and-big-families.lesson:40`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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