--- title: Spreading rumours and sending mean messages online are forms of bull… — Bullying and how to stop it · tree and pragmatics description: Spreading rumours and sending mean messages online are forms of bullying. Who acts: Spreading. A sentence of the lesson «Bullying and how to stop it» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/55-bullying/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Bullying and how to stop it](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/55-bullying/) / 21 # Bullying and how to stop it, sentence 21 Spreading rumours and sending mean messages online are forms of bullying. **Who acts:** Spreading · **What happens:** spread, send, be · **To what, where:** rumours, mean messages, forms This is a sentence of the lesson «Bullying and how to stop it» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spreading), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:055-bullying.lesson:21 # text = Spreading rumours and sending mean messages online are forms of bullying. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 055-bullying.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Spreading spread VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:nsubj 2 rumours rumour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 sending send VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 conj _ _ 5 mean mean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 messages message NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 online online ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 forms form NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 bullying bully NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | gerund | | rumours | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rumour=Theme | | 2 | **send** | gerund | | mean messages | | | | online *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme | | 3 | **is a** | present | Spreading | forms | | | | of bullying | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:055-bullying.lesson:21`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bullying and how to stop it, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/55-bullying/20/) - next →: [Bullying and how to stop it, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/55-bullying/22/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/55-bullying/)