--- title: A concussion is a hurt to the brain caused by a knock to the head; i… — Skating and sports safety · tree and pragmatics description: A concussion is a hurt to the brain caused by a knock to the head; its signs include headache, dizziness, feeling sick and confusion. Who acts: concussion, signs, knock. A sentence of the lesson «Skating and sports safety» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/6-skating-and-sports-safety/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Skating and sports safety](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/6-skating-and-sports-safety/) / 16 # Skating and sports safety, sentence 16 A concussion is a hurt to the brain caused by a knock to the head; its signs include headache, dizziness, feeling sick and confusion. **Who acts:** concussion, signs, knock · **What happens:** be, cause, include, feel, sign · **To what, where:** hurt, brain, headache This is a sentence of the lesson «Skating and sports safety» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (concussion, signs, knock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:006-skating-and-sports-safety.lesson:16 # text = A concussion is a hurt to the brain caused by a knock to the head; its signs include headache, dizziness, feeling sick and confusion. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 006-skating-and-sports-safety.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 concussion concussion NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 hurt hurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 10 by by ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 knock knock NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl:agent _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 signs sign NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 include include VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 20 headache headache NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 dizziness dizziness NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 feeling feel VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 conj _ _ 25 sick sick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 xcomp _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 confusion confusion NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a concussion | a hurt | | | | to the brain | tree rules | | 2 | **cause** | participle | | the brain *not said here* | | | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 3 | **include** | present | knock's signs | headache and dizziness | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent headache=Theme | | 4 | **feel** | gerund | knock's signs *not said here* | | | | | sick *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **sign** | | knock | | | | | | nom sign «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:006-skating-and-sports-safety.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Skating and sports safety, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/6-skating-and-sports-safety/15/) - next →: [Skating and sports safety, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/6-skating-and-sports-safety/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/6-skating-and-sports-safety/)