--- title: Ladybirds, called ladybugs in North America, eat greenfly (aphids) t… — Chickens, goats and little creatures · tree and pragmatics description: Ladybirds, called ladybugs in North America, eat greenfly (aphids) that damage plants, and earthworms keep soil healthy, so gardeners are glad to see them. Who acts: Ladybirds, greenfly, earthworms, gardeners. A sentence of the lesson «Chickens, goats and little creatures» of the everyday course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Chickens, goats and little creatures](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/) / 3 # Chickens, goats and little creatures, sentence 3 Ladybirds, called ladybugs in North America, eat greenfly (aphids) that damage plants, and earthworms keep soil healthy, so gardeners are glad to see them. **Who acts:** Ladybirds, greenfly, earthworms, gardeners · **What happens:** call, eat, damage, keep, be, see · **To what, where:** ladybugs, greenfly, plants, soil, gardeners · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Chickens, goats and little creatures» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ladybirds, greenfly, earthworms, gardeners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:068-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures.lesson:3 # text = Ladybirds, called ladybugs in North America, eat greenfly (aphids) that damage plants, and earthworms keep soil healthy, so gardeners are glad to see them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 068-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ladybirds ladybird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ _ 4 ladybugs ladybug NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 xcomp _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 9 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 greenfly greenfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 12 aphids aphid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 appos _ _ 13 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 14 that that PRON WDT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 15 nsubj _ _ 15 damage damage VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 16 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 earthworms earthworm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 21 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 22 healthy healthy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 xcomp _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 so so ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 25 gardeners gardener NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 glad glad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 conj _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ _ 30 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | participle | Ladybirds *not said here* | ladybugs in North America | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **eat** | present | Ladybirds | greenfly | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent greenfly=Patient | | 3 | **damage** | present | greenfly | plants | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient | | 4 | **keep** | present | earthworms | soil | | | | healthy *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | gardeners | | | | | glad *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **see** | to-infinitive | gardeners *not said here* | gardeners *= gardener* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:068-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Chickens, goats and little creatures, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/2/) - next →: [Chickens, goats and little creatures, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/)