--- title: Backyard chickens (called chooks in Australia) are shut in at night… — Chickens, goats and little creatures · tree and pragmatics description: Backyard chickens (called chooks in Australia) are shut in at night because foxes and other predators attack in the dark. Who acts: Backyard chickens, foxes. A sentence of the lesson «Chickens, goats and little creatures» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Chickens, goats and little creatures](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/) / 9 # Chickens, goats and little creatures, sentence 9 Backyard chickens (called chooks in Australia) are shut in at night because foxes and other predators attack in the dark. **Who acts:** Backyard chickens, foxes · **What happens:** call, shut in, attack · **To what, where:** chooks, Australia, Backyard chickens, dark · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Chickens, goats and little creatures» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Backyard chickens, foxes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:068-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures.lesson:9 # text = Backyard chickens (called chooks in Australia) are shut in at night because foxes and other predators attack in the dark. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 068-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Backyard backyard NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 chickens chicken NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 3 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 4 punct _ _ 4 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 5 chooks chook NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 xcomp _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nmod 8 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 4 punct _ _ 9 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:cop 10 shut shut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 11 in in ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ _ 12 at at ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 15 foxes fox NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=15:cc 17 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 19 attack attack VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 advcl _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | participle | Backyard chickens *not said here* | chooks | | Australia | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **shut in** | present · passive | | Backyard chickens | | | night | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **attack** | present | foxes and other predators | | | the dark | | | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:068-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Chickens, goats and little creatures, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/7/) - next →: [Chickens, goats and little creatures, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/)