---
title: Bats can see, and many bats also find their way by echoes, which is… — Wild animals, zoos and kindness to animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Bats can see, and many bats also find their way by echoes, which is called echolocation. Who acts: Bats, many bats. A sentence of the lesson «Wild animals, zoos and kindness to animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wild animals, zoos and kindness to animals, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats can see, and many bats also find their way by echoes, which is called echolocation.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bats, many bats · **What happens:** see, find, call · **To what, where:** way, echoes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Wild animals, zoos and kindness to animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, many bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:071-wild-animals-zoos-and-kindness.lesson:6
# text = Bats can see, and many bats also find their way by echoes, which is called echolocation.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 071-wild-animals-zoos-and-kindness.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	echoes	echo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | Bats |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **find** | present | many bats | bats's way |  |  |  | by echoes | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | echoes |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:071-wild-animals-zoos-and-kindness.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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