--- title: A bruise is bleeding under the skin from tiny broken blood vessels;… — Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns · tree and pragmatics description: A bruise is bleeding under the skin from tiny broken blood vessels; cold, wrapped in a cloth, makes the vessels narrower, so there is less swelling and pain. Who acts: bruise, cold, less swelling. A sentence of the lesson «Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns» of the everyday course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/84-bruises-bumps-nosebleeds-and-burns/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and bu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/84-bruises-bumps-nosebleeds-and-burns/) / 0 # Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns, sentence 0 A bruise is bleeding under the skin from tiny broken blood vessels; cold, wrapped in a cloth, makes the vessels narrower, so there is less swelling and pain. **Who acts:** bruise, cold, less swelling · **What happens:** bleed, break, wrap, make, be · **To what, where:** skin, cold, cloth, vessels This is a sentence of the lesson «Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bruise, cold, less swelling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:084-bruises-bumps-nosebleeds-and-burns.lesson:0 # text = A bruise is bleeding under the skin from tiny broken blood vessels; cold, wrapped in a cloth, makes the vessels narrower, so there is less swelling and pain. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 084-bruises-bumps-nosebleeds-and-burns.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 bruise bruise NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 bleeding bleed VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 under under ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 10 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 11 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 vessels vessel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 wrapped wrap VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 vessels vessel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 narrower narrow ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 xcomp _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 27 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 28 expl _ _ 28 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 29 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 30 amod _ _ 30 swelling swelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 pain pain NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bleed** | present · progressive | a bruise | | | the skin | | from tiny broken blood vessels | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from vessel=Source | | 2 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **wrap** | participle | | cold *not said here* | | a cloth | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in cloth=Destination | | 4 | **make** | present | cold | the vessels | | | | narrow *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vessel=Product | | 5 | **does** | present | less swelling and pain | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:084-bruises-bumps-nosebleeds-and-burns.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Doctors, cuts and grazes, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/83-doctors-cuts-and-grazes/17/) - next →: [Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and bu…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/84-bruises-bumps-nosebleeds-and-burns/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/84-bruises-bumps-nosebleeds-and-burns/)