--- title: Liaison: a silent final letter wakes up when the next word starts wi… — Silent letters: why French doesn't say everythin… · tree and pragmatics description: Liaison: a silent final letter wakes up when the next word starts with a vowel sound, so les amis (the friends) sounds like "lay-za-MEE", with the s said as a z. Who acts: silent final letter, next word, amis, s. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/) / 15 # Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 15 Liaison: a silent final letter wakes up when the next word starts with a vowel sound, so les amis (the friends) sounds like "lay-za-MEE", with the s said as a z. **Who acts:** silent final letter, next word, amis, s · **What happens:** wake up, start, sound, lay, say · **To what, where:** za · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (silent final letter, next word, amis, s), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:15 # text = Liaison: a silent final letter wakes up when the next word starts with a vowel sound, so les amis (the friends) sounds like "lay-za-MEE", with the s said as a z. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Liaison liaison NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 dislocated _ _ 2 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 4 silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 final final ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 wakes wake VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 up up ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ _ 9 when when SCONJ WRB _ 13 mark _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 starts start VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 14 with with ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 19 so so ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 20 les le DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 amis ami NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 25 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 26 sounds sound VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 27 like like SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 " " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 29 lay lay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 xcomp _ _ 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ _ 31 za za NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 33 punct _ _ 33 MEE MEE PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 appos _ _ 34 " " PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 with with SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 s s NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 39 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 40 as as ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 z z NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wake up** | present | a silent final letter | | | | | Liaison *dislocated* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **start** | present | the next word | | | | | with a vowel sound | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with sound=Subeventuality | | 3 | **sound** | present | le amis and the friends | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **lay** *in a quote* | infinitive | le amis and the friends *not said here* | za | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent za=Result | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the s | | | | | as a z | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/14/) - next →: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/)