--- title: A sleeping letter can wake up when the next word starts with a vowel… — Silent letters: why French doesn't say everythin… · tree and pragmatics description: A sleeping letter can wake up when the next word starts with a vowel: les amis sounds like "lay-za-MEE". Who acts: sleeping letter, next word. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/) / 3 # Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 3 A sleeping letter can wake up when the next word starts with a vowel: les amis sounds like "lay-za-MEE". **Who acts:** sleeping letter, next word · **What happens:** wake up, start, sound, lay · **To what, where:** za This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sleeping letter, next word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:3 # text = A sleeping letter can wake up when the next word starts with a vowel: les amis sounds like "lay-za-MEE". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 sleeping sleeping ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 wake wake VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 up up ADP RP _ 5 compound:prt _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 11 mark _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 starts start VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 les le DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 amis ami NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 18 sounds sound VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 19 like like SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 21 lay lay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ _ 22 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 23 punct _ _ 23 za za NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 25 MEE MEE PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 appos _ _ 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wake up** | can | a sleeping letter | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **start** | present | the next word | | | | | with a vowel and le amis | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with vowel=Subeventuality | | 3 | **sound** | present | the next word *not said here* | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 4 | **lay** *in a quote* | infinitive | the next word *not said here* | za | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent za=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/2/) - next →: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/)