--- title: Most letters at the very end of a French word are not said: s, t, d,… — Silent letters: why French doesn't say everythin… · tree and pragmatics description: Most letters at the very end of a French word are not said: s, t, d, x and z usually stay silent, so Paris sounds like "pa-REE". Who acts: Paris. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/) / 6 # Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 6 Most letters at the very end of a French word are not said: s, t, d, x and z usually stay silent, so Paris sounds like "pa-REE". **Who acts:** Paris · **What happens:** not say, stay, sound · **To what, where:** Most letters · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paris), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:6 # text = Most letters at the very end of a French word are not said: s, t, d, x and z usually stay silent, so Paris sounds like "pa-REE". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 at at ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 very very ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 6 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 12 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _ 13 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 15 s 's PART POS Typo=Yes 13 ccomp _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 t t NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:nsubj 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 d d NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 x x NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 z z NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 24 usually usually ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 stay stay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ _ 26 silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 xcomp _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 29 Paris Paris PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 sounds sound VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:ccomp 31 like like ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 32 " " PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ _ 33 pa pa NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 34 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=33:punct 35 REE ree NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 36 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | Most letters at the very end of a French word | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **stay** | present | | | | | | silent, usually *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **sound** | present | Paris | | | | | like pa REE | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/5/) - next →: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/)