--- title: The memory word CaReFuL: a final c, r, f or l is usually said, as in… — Silent letters: why French doesn't say everythin… · tree and pragmatics description: The memory word CaReFuL: a final c, r, f or l is usually said, as in sac ("sack"), bonjour ("bon-ZHOOR"), neuf ("nuhf", nine) and avril ("a-VREEL", April). A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/) / 8 # Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 8 The memory word CaReFuL: a final c, r, f or l is usually said, as in sac ("sack"), bonjour ("bon-ZHOOR"), neuf ("nuhf", nine) and avril ("a-VREEL", April). **What happens:** say · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:8 # text = The memory word CaReFuL: a final c, r, f or l is usually said, as in sac ("sack"), bonjour ("bon-ZHOOR"), neuf ("nuhf", nine) and avril ("a-VREEL", April). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 memory memory NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 CaReFuL careful PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 5 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 final final ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 c c NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 appos _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 r r NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 f f NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=10:conj 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 l l NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 16 usually usually ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 as as ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 19 fixed _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:case 21 sac sac NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:nsubj:pass 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 24 sack sack NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 appos _ _ 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ 26 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 bonjour bonjour NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 29 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 33 punct _ _ 30 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ _ 31 bon bon NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 33 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct 33 ZHOOR zhoor NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 appos _ _ 34 " " PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 33 punct _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 neuf neuf NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 38 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 39 " " PUNCT `` _ 40 punct _ _ 40 nuhf nuhf NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 appos _ _ 41 " " PUNCT '' _ 40 punct _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 43 nine nine NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 37 appos _ _ 44 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 46 avril avril PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 47 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 51 punct _ _ 48 " " PUNCT `` _ 51 punct _ _ 49 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 50 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 49 punct _ _ 51 VREEL VREEL PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 appos _ _ 52 " " PUNCT '' _ 51 punct _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 54 April April PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 flat _ _ 55 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 51 punct _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | | | | | as sac and avril; usually *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/7/) - next →: [Silent letters: why French doesn't say…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/)