---
title: Souffle les bougies ! means "Blow out the candles!"; une bougie is a… — Dates and birthdays · tree and pragmatics
description: Souffle les bougies ! means "Blow out the candles!"; une bougie is a candle and un gâteau d'anniversaire is a birthday cake. Who acts: bougie. A sentence of the lesson «Dates and birthdays» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Dates and birthdays, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Souffle les bougies ! means "Blow out the candles!"; une bougie is a candle and un gâteau d'anniversaire is a birthday cake.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bougie · **What happens:** souffler, mean, blow out, be · **To what, where:** bougies, candles, candle, birthday cake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Dates and birthdays» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bougie), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:french:011-dates-and-birthdays.lesson:10
# text = Souffle les bougies ! means "Blow out the candles!"; une bougie is a candle and un gâteau d'anniversaire is a birthday cake.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = french
# lesson = 011-dates-and-birthdays.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Souffle	souffler	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
2	les	le	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bougies	bougie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Blow	blow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	une	une	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bougie	bougie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:ccomp
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	un	un	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	gâteau	gâteau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	d'anniversaire	d'anniversaire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **souffler** | infinitive |  | le bougies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **blow out** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the candles |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent candle=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** | present | une bougie | a candle and un gâteau d'anniversaire and a birthday cake |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present | une bougie *not said here* | a birthday cake |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:011-dates-and-birthdays.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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