---
title: moins means minus: cinq heures moins le quart is quarter to five, ci… — Telling the time · tree and pragmatics
description: moins means minus: cinq heures moins le quart is quarter to five, cinq heures moins dix is ten to five. Who acts: moins, quart, dix. A sentence of the lesson «Telling the time» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Telling the time, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
moins means minus: cinq heures moins le quart is quarter to five, cinq heures moins dix is ten to five.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** moins, quart, dix · **What happens:** mean, be · **To what, where:** minus, quarter

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Telling the time» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (moins, quart, dix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:french:012-telling-the-time.lesson:9
# text = moins means minus: cinq heures moins le quart is quarter to five, cinq heures moins dix is ten to five.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = french
# lesson = 012-telling-the-time.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	moins	moins	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	minus	minus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	cinq	cinq	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	heures	heure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	moins	moins	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	le	le	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	quart	quart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:nummod
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	cinq	cinq	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	heures	heure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
17	moins	moin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
18	dix	dix	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	compound	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | moins | minus and cinq heures |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent minus=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | le quart | quarter |  |  |  | to five | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | dix |  |  |  |  | to ten five | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:012-telling-the-time.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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