--- title: un orage is a thunderstorm, le tonnerre is thunder and un éclair is… — Weather and seasons · tree and pragmatics description: un orage is a thunderstorm, le tonnerre is thunder and un éclair is a flash of lightning (and also a chocolate pastry); Il y a de l'orage means there's a storm. Who acts: un orage, thunder, Il, de l'orage. A sentence of the lesson «Weather and seasons» of the french course of Mova's primary school w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Weather and seasons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/) / 10 # Weather and seasons, sentence 10 un orage is a thunderstorm, le tonnerre is thunder and un éclair is a flash of lightning (and also a chocolate pastry); Il y a de l'orage means there's a storm. **Who acts:** un orage, thunder, Il, de l'orage, storm · **What happens:** be, y, mean · **To what, where:** thunderstorm, flash · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather and seasons» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (un orage, thunder, Il, de l'orage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:013-weather-and-seasons.lesson:10 # text = un orage is a thunderstorm, le tonnerre is thunder and un éclair is a flash of lightning (and also a chocolate pastry); Il y a de l'orage means there's a storm. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 013-weather-and-seasons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 un UN PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 orage orage NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 thunderstorm thunderstorm NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 parataxis _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 le le NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 tonnerre tonnerre NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 10 thunder thunder NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 un UN PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 13 éclair éclair NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 flash flash NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 lightning lightning NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 21 also also ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 chocolate chocolate NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 pastry pastry NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 appos _ _ 25 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 Il Il PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 y y VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 de de NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 l'orage l'orage NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ _ 33 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 34 expl _ _ 34 's be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 ccomp _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 storm storm NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | un orage | a thunderstorm and le tonnerre | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | thunder and un éclair | a flash | | | | of lightning | tree rules | | 3 | **y** | past | Il | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **mean** | present | a de l'orage | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **be** | present | a storm | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:013-weather-and-seasons.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather and seasons, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/9/) - next →: [Weather and seasons, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/)