---
title: The seasons are le printemps (spring), l'été (summer), l'automne (au… — Weather and seasons · tree and pragmatics
description: The seasons are le printemps (spring), l'été (summer), l'automne (autumn) and l'hiver (winter). Who acts: seasons. A sentence of the lesson «Weather and seasons» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Weather and seasons, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The seasons are le printemps (spring), l'été (summer), l'automne (autumn) and l'hiver (winter).

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** seasons · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** le printemps

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather and seasons» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (seasons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:french:013-weather-and-seasons.lesson:11
# text = The seasons are le printemps (spring), l'été (summer), l'automne (autumn) and l'hiver (winter).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = french
# lesson = 013-weather-and-seasons.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	printemps	printemps	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	l'été	l'été	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
12	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	l'automne	l'automne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
17	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	l'hiver	l'hiver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
22	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the seasons | le printemps and l'été and l'automne and l'hiver |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:013-weather-and-seasons.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Weather and seasons, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/10/)
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