--- title: il y a means "there is" or "there are": il y a des nuages (it's clou… — Weather and seasons · tree and pragmatics description: il y a means "there is" or "there are": il y a des nuages (it's cloudy), il y a du vent (it's windy), il y a du soleil (it's sunny). Who acts: il, a, means. A sentence of the lesson «Weather and seasons» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Weather and seasons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/) / 8 # Weather and seasons, sentence 8 il y a means "there is" or "there are": il y a des nuages (it's cloudy), il y a du vent (it's windy), il y a du soleil (it's sunny). **Who acts:** il, a, means · **What happens:** y, means, be · **To what, where:** des nuages, du vent, du soleil · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather and seasons» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (il, a, means), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:013-weather-and-seasons.lesson:8 # text = il y a means "there is" or "there are": il y a des nuages (it's cloudy), il y a du vent (it's windy), il y a du soleil (it's sunny). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 013-weather-and-seasons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 il IL PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 y y VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:det 4 means means NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 6 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 7 expl _ _ 7 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:acl|HaikuPos=AUX:VBZ:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 " " PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 11 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 12 expl _ _ 12 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:parataxis 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 il IL PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 y y VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 des des NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 nuages nuage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 20 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 22 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 cloudy cloudy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 parataxis _ _ 24 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 il IL PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 y y VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 du du ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 vent vent NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 31 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 34 windy windy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 parataxis _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 il IL PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 y y VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 du du ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 soleil soleil NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 42 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 45 punct _ _ 43 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 44 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 cop _ _ 45 sunny sunny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 parataxis _ _ 46 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 45 punct _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **y** | past | il | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **means** | | a | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **be** *in a quote* | present | a *not said here* | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **be** *in a quote* | present | a *not said here* | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **y** | past | il | a des nuages | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | present | means | | | | | cloudy *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **y** | past | il | a du vent | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **is** | present | means | | | | | windy *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **y** | past | il | a du soleil | | | | | tree rules | | 10 | **is** | present | means | | | | | sunny *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:013-weather-and-seasons.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather and seasons, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/7/) - next →: [Weather and seasons, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/)