--- title: j'ai mal à + body part means it hurts: à + le becomes au (j'ai mal a… — The body · tree and pragmatics description: j'ai mal à + body part means it hurts: à + le becomes au (j'ai mal au ventre), à + la stays à la (j'ai mal à la tête), à + les becomes aux (j'ai mal aux dents). Who acts: part, le, j'ai. A sentence of the lesson «The body» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/16-the-body/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [The body](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/16-the-body/) / 7 # The body, sentence 7 j'ai mal à + body part means it hurts: à + le becomes au (j'ai mal au ventre), à + la stays à la (j'ai mal à la tête), à + les becomes aux (j'ai mal aux dents). **Who acts:** part, le, j'ai · **What happens:** mal, mean, hurt, become, ventre, à · **To what, where:** à, au, la stays, la, les, aux · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The body» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (part, le, j'ai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:016-the-body.lesson:7 # text = j'ai mal à + body part means it hurts: à + le becomes au (j'ai mal au ventre), à + la stays à la (j'ai mal à la tête), à + les becomes aux (j'ai mal aux dents). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 016-the-body.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 j'ai j'ai X FW Foreign=Yes 2 dep _ _ 2 mal mal VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 nsubj _ _ 3 à à NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 + + SYM SYM _ 3 compound _ _ 5 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 hurts hurt VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 11 à à NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 + + SYM SYM _ 14 cc _ _ 13 le le NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 15 au au NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 xcomp _ _ 16 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct 17 j'ai j'ai NOUN FW Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 18 mal mal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 au au NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 ventre ventre NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 appos _ _ 21 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 à à VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 24 + + SYM SYM _ 23 obj _ _ 25 la la ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 stays stay NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 27 à à ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 la la NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 31 punct _ _ 30 j'ai j'ai X FW Foreign=Yes 31 dep _ _ 31 mal mal VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 conj _ _ 32 à à SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 la la PRON GW Number=Sing|PronType=Ind|Typo=Yes 31 obj _ _ 34 tête tête X NN _ 33 goeswith _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 31 punct _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 à à VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 38 + + SYM SYM _ 39 cc _ _ 39 les le NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 40 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 41 aux aux NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 xcomp _ _ 42 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 44 punct _ _ 43 j'ai j'ai X FW Foreign=Yes 44 dep _ _ 44 mal mal VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 41 appos _ _ 45 aux aux NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 compound _ _ 46 dents dent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obj _ _ 47 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 44 punct _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 40 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mal** | infinitive | | à | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **hurt** | present | part | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus | | 4 | **become** | present | le | au | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient à=Result | | 5 | **ventre** | | j'ai | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **à** | infinitive | | la stays | | | | à la | tree rules | | 7 | **mal** | infinitive | | la | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **à** | infinitive | | les | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **become** | present | | aux | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 10 | **mal** | infinitive | | aux dents | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:016-the-body.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The body, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/16-the-body/6/) - next →: [The body, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/16-the-body/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/16-the-body/)