--- title: The French u has no English twin: say "ee", freeze your tongue, then… — Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r… · tree and pragmatics description: The French u has no English twin: say "ee", freeze your tongue, then push your lips into a small circle, and you are saying tu. Who acts: French u, you. A sentence of the lesson «Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/2-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/2-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u/) / 4 # Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u, sentence 4 The French u has no English twin: say "ee", freeze your tongue, then push your lips into a small circle, and you are saying tu. **Who acts:** French u, you · **What happens:** have, say, freeze, push · **To what, where:** English twin, ee, tongue, lips, small circle, tu · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French u, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:002-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u.lesson:4 # text = The French u has no English twin: say "ee", freeze your tongue, then push your lips into a small circle, and you are saying tu. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 002-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 u u NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 7 det _ _ 6 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 twin twin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 9 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 11 ee ee NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 freeze freeze VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:parataxis 15 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 19 advmod _ _ 19 push push VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 20 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 lips lip NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 into into ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 circle circle NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 31 tu tu NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the French u | no English twin | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent twin=Patient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | | ee | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ee=Topic | | 3 | **freeze** | infinitive | | your tongue | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient tongue=Result | | 4 | **push** | infinitive | | your lips | | a small circle | then | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent lip=Theme into circle=Destination | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | you | tu | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent tu=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:002-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/2-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u/3/) - next →: [Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/2-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/2-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u/)