---
title: In French, pain means bread, not hurt. — Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r… · tree and pragmatics
description: In French, pain means bread, not hurt. Who acts: pain. A sentence of the lesson «Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u, sentence 9

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In French, pain means bread, not hurt.

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**Who acts:** pain · **What happens:** mean, not hurt · **To what, where:** bread

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:french:002-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u.lesson:9
# text = In French, pain means bread, not hurt.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = french
# lesson = 002-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | pain | bread |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot bread=Theme in french=Attribute |
| 2 | **not** **hurt** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:002-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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