--- title: French has a ladder for liking things: j'adore (I love), j'aime (I l… — Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas · tree and pragmatics description: French has a ladder for liking things: j'adore (I love), j'aime (I like), j'aime bien (I quite like), je n'aime pas (I don't like) and je déteste (I hate). Who acts: French, I. A sentence of the lesson «Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/) / 0 # Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas, sentence 0 French has a ladder for liking things: j'adore (I love), j'aime (I like), j'aime bien (I quite like), je n'aime pas (I don't like) and je déteste (I hate). **Who acts:** French, I · **What happens:** have, like, love, not like, je, hate · **To what, where:** ladder, things, déteste This is a sentence of the lesson «Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:024-likes-and-dislikes.lesson:0 # text = French has a ladder for liking things: j'adore (I love), j'aime (I like), j'aime bien (I quite like), je n'aime pas (I don't like) and je déteste (I hate). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 024-likes-and-dislikes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 ladder ladder NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 for for SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 6 liking like VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 obl _ _ 7 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 9 j'adore j'adore NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 11 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 love love VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 13 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 j'aime j'aime NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:appos 16 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 18 punct _ _ 17 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 like like VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:acl:relcl 19 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 18 punct _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct 21 j'aime j'aime ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 bien bien ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 23 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 24 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 quite quite ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 like like VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 parataxis _ _ 27 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 je je X FW Foreign=Yes 31 cc _ _ 30 n'aime n'aime ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 pas pas NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 32 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 33 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 34 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 36 advmod _ _ 36 like like VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 parataxis _ _ 37 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 je je VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 conj _ _ 40 déteste déteste NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obj _ _ 41 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 42 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 hate hate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=39:advcl 44 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | French | a ladder | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ladder=Patient | | 2 | **like** | gerund | | things | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme | | 3 | **love** | present | I | | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **like** | present | I | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 5 | **like** | present | I | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 6 | **not** **like** | present · do-support | I | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 7 | **je** | infinitive | I *not said here* | déteste | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **hate** | present | I | | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:024-likes-and-dislikes.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Hobbies and sport, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/23-hobbies-and-sport/17/) - next →: [Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/)