--- title: To say "not", French wraps two little words around the verb like the… — Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas · tree and pragmatics description: To say "not", French wraps two little words around the verb like the bread of a sandwich: je ne mange pas, and ne loses its e before a vowel, so je n'aime pas. Who acts: French, ne. A sentence of the lesson «Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas» of the french course of Mova's primary school wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/) / 1 # Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas, sentence 1 To say "not", French wraps two little words around the verb like the bread of a sandwich: je ne mange pas, and ne loses its e before a vowel, so je n'aime pas. **Who acts:** French, ne · **What happens:** say, wrap, lose · **To what, where:** two little words, verb, e · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime pas» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, ne), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:024-likes-and-dislikes.lesson:1 # text = To say "not", French wraps two little words around the verb like the bread of a sandwich: je ne mange pas, and ne loses its e before a vowel, so je n'aime pas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 024-likes-and-dislikes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 2 obj _ _ 5 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct 6 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 7 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 wraps wrap VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 10 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 12 around around ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 15 like like ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 sandwich sandwich NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 22 je je X FW Foreign=Yes 20 appos _ _ 23 ne ne X FW Foreign=Yes 22 flat:foreign _ _ 24 mange mange X FW Foreign=Yes 22 flat:foreign _ _ 25 pas pa X FW Foreign=Yes 22 flat:foreign _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 ne ne NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 loses lose VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 acl:relcl _ _ 30 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 e e NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 before before ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 so so ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 37 je je ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 n'aime n'aime NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 39 pas pa NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | French *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent not=Topic | | 2 | **wrap** | present | French | two little words | | the verb like the bread of a sandwich | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme around verb=Destination | | 3 | **lose** | present | ne | ne's e | | | before a vowel | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:024-likes-and-dislikes.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/0/) - next →: [Likes and dislikes: j'aime, je n'aime…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/24-likes-and-dislikes/)